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Imatinib was first approved for the treatment of Philadelphi
2024-01-27

Imatinib was first approved for the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemia in 2001 [25]. This first approved small molecule antagonist is quite unusual in that it provides a durable response that lasts for more than a decade in the majority of patients. Imatinib h
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Globally the total number of patients included in the
2024-01-27

Globally, the total number of patients included in the meta-analysis was 1885, ranging from 40 to 442 patients per study. All eligible studies reported the association between ALDH1 expression and patients' OS [24-26, 3241], whereas nine studies evaluated the relationship between ALDH1 expression an
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Recent studies demonstrated that AHR has an important
2024-01-27

Recent studies demonstrated that AHR has an important role in the interplay between cancer metabolism and tumor-specific immunity. Tryptophan catabolism is increasingly recognized as a metabolic pathway that promotes tumorigenesis through its role in immune suppression [75]. The rate-limiting enzyme
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However although in vitro studies in heterologous systems ha
2024-01-27

However, although in vitro studies in heterologous systems have provided very important indications of potential novel pharmacology, the studies with endogenous receptors in native tissues are essential to provide evidence for GPCR heteromerization in vivo and to confirm its physiological relevance.
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The most widely recognized effects
2024-01-27

The most widely recognized effects of adenosine are operated through inhibiting A1R, one of the most abundant G protein-coupled receptors in 360A tissue [53]. A1R are located presynaptically, postsynaptically and nonsynaptically [54]. Effect of adenosine in neuronal circuits of adult mammals is to
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The reductase family is composed of
2024-01-27

The 5α-reductase family is composed of three known isozymes, with the types I and II being the most known. Type I isozyme, which is the dominant form, can be found in the skin, liver, kidney, brain and lung. Furthermore, it has been evidenced that type I activity is several times higher in PC than i
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Citral or dimethyl octadien al is a mixture of two
2024-01-26

Citral or 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-al is a mixture of two stereoisomeric monoterpene aldehydes (the trans isomer geranial, citral A (40–62%)) and the cis isomer neral, citral B (25–38%) and serves one of the main constituent of essential oils of C. citratusis used in cosmetic, food, fungicides, p
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Acknowledgments br Introduction Pulmonary fibrosis PF is a c
2024-01-26

Acknowledgments Introduction Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, fibrosing interstitial pneumonia and a crushing disease that occurs as a result of a variety of lung injuries, including auto-immune, tuberculosis and traumatic insult [1], [2]. PF is characterized by the accumulation of extracel
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br Methodology br Antibiotics in lakes
2024-01-26

Methodology Antibiotics in lakes Antibiotic resistance genes in lakes Perspectives of study on Ro 31-8220 Mesylate synthesis and ARGs in lakes Conclusion This paper systematically reviewed the distribution of antibiotics and ARGs in global lakes. A total of 57 antibiotics reported at
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br AR expression in breast
2024-01-26

AR expression in breast tissue Although androgenic signalling is chiefly associated with the development and maintenance of primary and secondary male characteristics, especially during puberty when the testes are by far the major source of testosterone, the AR also plays important functions in f
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Breast Cancer Although androgens have been considered to
2024-01-26

Breast Cancer: Although androgens have been considered to be a risk factor in prostate cancer they have been recommended to treat breast cancers. Even before the discovery of SERMs and aromatase inhibitors, steroidal androgens such as medroxyprogesterone and fluoxymesterone were used to treat breast
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RNA interference assays have shown that
2024-01-26

RNA interference assays have shown that the inhibition of AMPK expression leads to increases in TNF-α, IL-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels after LPS stimulus, whereas the transfection of macrophages with a constitutively active form of AMPKα1 results in decreased LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 prod
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br Comparison to IWG In addition to the
2024-01-26

Comparison to IWG In addition to the NIA AA, the other group that has established diagnostic guidelines for AD that incorporate biomarkers is the IWG [64,74,75]. In the most recent formal IWG document, published in 2014 [75], the diagnosis of AD required the presence of cognitive symptoms plus an
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Liao and van Linden et
2024-01-26

Liao [47] and van Linden et al. [48] divided the gap between the N-terminal and C-terminal lobes into a front cleft or pocket, a gate area, and a back cleft. The back pocket corresponds to the gate area and the back cleft. The front cleft includes the Gly-rich loop, the hinge, the linker connecting
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Unlike in humans hepatic expression of
2024-01-26

Unlike in humans, hepatic expression of FGF21 increases in mice consuming KD and is a necessary mediator of the physiologic adaptations to the diet. FGF21 knockout (KO) mice gain, rather than lose weight on the diet [6]. FGF21 also activates BAT in part by increasing SNS drive [3,7]. In addition, th
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