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Metformin s pluripotent roles are alluded to
2024-12-16
Metformin's pluripotent roles are alluded to in terms of its antitumorigenic, glucose-lowering, and cardioprotective effects, which are due in part to its upregulation of AMPK activity [39,40]. Metformin's glucose-lowering effect is a result of reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis, whereas improved insul
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Patients with AAG often respond
2024-12-13
Patients with AAG often respond to intravenous immunoglobulin or plasma exchange. If these therapies are inadequate, ongoing immune suppression with steroids, azathioprine, mycophenylate or rituximab have been shown to be effective in case reports. Our patient seemed initially resistant to steroid t
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br Discussion In our current study we demonstrated
2024-12-13
Discussion In our current study, we demonstrated that both the metastatic and recurrent ovarian cancer tissues expressed lower levels of p62 when compared with the patient-matched primary tumor samples. High BAMB-4 levels of p62 were associated with long progression-free survival of patients wit
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The interaction of ATR ATRIP with
2024-12-13
The interaction of ATR-ATRIP with RPA-coated ssDNA is sufficient for ATR-ATRIP recruitment to DNA lesions, but it is not sufficient to fully activate ATR. In response to DNA damage, the heterotrimeric ring-shaped complex 9-1-1 (RAD9-RAD1-HUS1 in humans; Ddc1-Rad17-Mec3 in S. cerevisiae) is loaded at
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Although several different membrane estrogen receptors
2024-12-13
Although several different membrane estrogen receptors have been reported (Qiu et al., 2008; Revankar et al., 2005), a large percentage of membrane-initiated steroid hormone signaling appears to be performed by a subpopulation of the same receptors that act in the nucleus. Specifically, estrogen rec
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Researchers demonstrated that mitochondria are the main
2024-12-13
Researchers demonstrated that mitochondria are the main producers of ROS and are the most sensitive to the effects of ROS. Mitochondria-mediated apoptosis may not be limited to the role of cytochrome c in the activation of caspase-3 and ROS may provide an alternate mitochondrial signaling pathway (H
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Of the infants in the study there
2024-12-13
Of the 580 infants in the study, there were 106 twin deliveries and 10 triplet deliveries. There was no difference in prenatal antibiotic exposure between multiple and singleton births. Nevertheless, analysis of maternal antibiotic use was based on the 309 individual mothers who were provided NECA p
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In mice the Tfm mutation increased the anxiety state
2024-12-13
In mice, the Tfm mutation increased the anxiety-state assessed in the novel object and in light/dark box tests, whereas no changes were detected in the open field or elevated plus maze tasks (Zuloaga et al., 2008). As for Tfm rats, this seemed to be related to an increased HPA response to stress. Th
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Circular dichroism CD provides useful information about prot
2024-12-12
Circular dichroism (CD) provides useful information about protein structure, the extent and rate of structural changes and ligand binding. CD is a form of light sch772984 spectroscopy that measures differences in the absorbance of right- and left-circularly polarized light (rather than the commonly
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br Material and methods br Results Table shows that in
2024-12-12
Material and methods Results Table 1 shows that in addition to Leu/CysAP and DPPIV, genes for AspAP, ArgAP, MetAP, APM and PSA are expressed in adipocytes. The kinetic parameters of these AP are also shown in Table 1, revealing that APM has the highest Vmax and catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km),
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br The lipoxygenase pathway in diseases of
2024-12-12
The 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway in diseases of the nervous system Conclusions and future perspectives Arachidonic Tolvaptan and other polyunsaturated fatty acids, and their lipid metabolites, play very important roles in human health and disease. This review has outlined the functions of 12- a
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These mutations induce the gene auto
2024-12-12
These mutations induce the gene auto-activation in 10–40% of adenocarcinomas, triggering the EGFR-signaling pathway in the absence of ligand. That leads to an uncontrolled acceleration of cell proliferation, survival and anti-apoptotic signals (Couraud et al., 2012). The frequency of these mutations
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Acetaminophen N acetyl p aminophenol AAP
2024-12-12
Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, AAP) (Fig. 1) is a medically important, low cost, readily available and commonly used over the counter analgesic and antipyretic drug [18,19]. Acetaminophen monotherapy is efficient and is safer than Aspirin and Ibuprofen [20]. The efficacy and tolerability in
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ALDHs also act as opposite roles
2024-12-12
ALDHs also act as opposite roles in the initiation and development of carcinoma. For example, ALDH2, as a key enzyme which oxidises acetaldehyde, participates in alcohol metabolism and is associated with alcohol-mediated carcinogenesis [37]. It has been reported that up to 8% of the world's populati
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br Conclusion The HT receptor family is complex and
2024-12-12
Conclusion The 5-HT receptor family is complex, and one may ask as does Bryan Roth et al. [205] whether this is useless MLN8237 (i.e. too much redundancy) or an embarrassment of the riches (i.e. many potential targets to choose from to affect normal or pathological function); molecular biology h