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br Regulation of p via the ubiquitin proteasome
2021-04-30
Regulation of p53 via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway Studies into regulation of p53 via PTM processes that involve phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, neddylation, and methylation are being increasingly reported [23], [24]. Phosphorylation and acetylation of p53 stimulate
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Concerning family A GPCRs although it has been described tha
2021-04-30
Concerning family A GPCRs, although it has been described that several receptors are able to operate as monomers (Arcemisbéhère et al., 2010; Bayburt et al., 2011; Chabre & le Maire, 2005; Ernst, Gramse, Kolbe, Hofmann, & Heck, 2007; Hanson et al., 2007; Kuszak et al., 2009; Whorton et al., 2007), e
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naphthalimide a well known DNA intercalator
2021-04-30
1,8-naphthalimide, a well-known DNA intercalator, has been extensively investigated in the development of antitumor agents [10]. Some of the naphthalimide derivatives, such as amonafide, elinafide and bisnafide (Fig. 1), have entered into phase II clinical trials stage [10]b), [11]. Among them, elin
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The commonly used eDNA stains we
2021-04-30
The commonly used eDNA stains we evaluated were the intercalating dye propidium iodide, the highly sensitive stain PicoGreen commonly used in DNA quantification, the cyanine monomer SYTOX® Green, and the dye 7-hydroxy-9H-(1,3-dichloro-9,9-dimethylacridin-2-one) (DDAO) not only sold as a standard for
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br Introduction br Sphingolipid metabolism Sphingolipids are
2021-04-30
Introduction Sphingolipid metabolism Sphingolipids, are fundamental constituents of all eukaryotic membranes and their metabolism is carried out by a broad array of anabolic and PJ34 with ceramide as their hub (for a review, (Hannun and Obeid, 2018)). Ceramide can be formed by multiple pathwa
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br Funding This work was supported by grants
2021-04-30
Funding This work was supported by grants to A.S. from the Swedish Cancer Foundation, Sweden (Grant number: CAN, 2015/637), the Swedish Medical Council, Sweden (Grant number: 2017- 01274), the Foundations at Skåne University Hospital, Sweden and to KB, SRS, NC, BCS, and SS from the Royal Physiogr
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PD153035 hydrochloride The role of ARA cyp metabolites in th
2021-04-30
The role of ARA-cyp450 metabolites in the liver is still unclear [44]. However, ARA-cyp450 genes metabolize other fatty acids such lauric and palmitic PD153035 hydrochloride [45]. It was found that decreased cyp4a expression caused fatty livers through reduction of fatty acid metabolism [46]. In thi
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Several evidences showed that seizures increase brain
2021-04-30
Several evidences showed that seizures increase brain extracellular glutamate, which binds to N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, then up-regulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in brain capillaries to increase BBB P-gp expression [11,13,29,30]. A recent study demonstrated a different signal
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br Acknowledgments This study was supported by grants from t
2021-04-29
Acknowledgments This study was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessPI10/00387, PI12/01087, PI12/01703, IPT-2011-0817-010000, and RIC Red de Investigación Cardiovascular (RIC)RD12/0042/0055. RIC is an initiative of Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spa
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Before addressing point by point the
2021-04-29
Before addressing point-by-point the aforementioned topics in separate sub-sections it should be remarked that the strength of recommendations provided by guidelines is graded in three classes: I (evidence and/or general agreement that a given treatment or procedure is beneficial, useful,effective),
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NF B is a family of protein mediators that regulate
2021-04-29
NF-κB is a family of protein mediators that regulate various innate and adaptive immune responses [29,30]. The NF-κB family consists of the following five proteins: c-Rel (Rel); p65 (RelA); RelB; p50(NF-κB1); and p52(NF-κB2). It has been confirmed that NF-κB is activated by TNF family cytokines, suc
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Related with the studies by Zizza et al described
2021-04-29
Related with the studies by Zizza et al. described above [66], work by Ward et al. [68] suggested that the C2 domain of cPLA2α, which binds to zwitterionic membranes with high affinity in a Ca2+-dependent manner, has a high membrane remodeling activity, producing dramatic changes in membrane curvatu
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The role of ETB clearing receptors has been studied in
2021-04-29
The role of ETB clearing receptors has been studied in detail in endothelial cell–specific ETB knock-out mice. In these animals, clearance of an intravenous Cy5 NHS ester (non-sulfonated) of labeled ET-1 was reduced significantly compared with wild-type controls. Importantly, functioning ETB were re
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Egr together with catecholamine biosynthetic
2021-04-29
Egr1, together with catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes, such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), is induced in adrenal medulla by different types of stress (Liu et al., 2005, Morita et al., 1996, Nankova et al., 1993, Papanik
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citco Except for S adenosylmethionine SAM Fig sources of end
2021-04-29
Except for S-adenosylmethionine (SAM, Fig. 1), sources of endogenous DNA alkylation are not well defined. Other possible sources include nitroso compounds related to the well known mutagen methylnitrosourea which are generated in vitro by nitrosation of cellular amines including amino acids, protein
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