• It is well known that the thymus plays

  2024-10-03

  

  It is well known that the thymus plays an important function in the complex pathogenesis and perpetuation of MG. We compared resistin levels between patients with MG with or without thymoma and found that those with thymoma had higher levels than those without thymoma. It has been previously recogni

• Osteoblasts have been thought to be the major

  2024-10-03

  

  Osteoblasts have been thought to be the major cell type that expresses RANKL (Suda et al., 1999) which is a ligand for osteoprotegerin (OPG) and which functions as a key factor for osteoclast differentiation and activation. Recently, Nakashima and his colleagues (Nakashima et al., 2011) demonstrated

• A disruption of lung barrier function caused

  2024-10-01

  

  A disruption of lung barrier function caused by PM2.5 has been observed in our experiments; however the underlying mechanism has not been investigated. Zhao et al. (2018) reported that PM2.5 down-regulated the expression levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins and resulted in nasal epithelial barrier

• The accumulation of oxidized low

  2024-10-01

  

  The accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is one of the many causes of the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis (Virmani et al., 2002; Pirillo et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2016; Huang et al., 2016; Tabas, 2010). oxLDL-induced apoptosis of macrophages contributes to the forma

• A key function of the reference AFST would be

  2024-10-01

  

  A key function of the reference AFST would be to detect fungal resistance, i.e. to determine which antifungal agents are likely to be clinically inactive [2]. To this end, the epidemiological cut-off value, defined as ‘the upper end of the wild-type (WT) or beginning of the non-wild-type (NWT) MIC d

• Therefore VEGF and its receptors

  2024-10-01

  

  Therefore, VEGF and its receptors are expressed in different organs, including the kidneys, the liver and the edu kit [55]. In the human placenta, VEGF is mainly synthesized by cytotrophoblast and Hofbauer cells early in the first trimester, whereas Flk-1 and Flt-1 receptors are expressed throughou

• ro5 receptor br Materials and methods br Results

  2024-09-30

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Conclusions These studies provide important mechanistic insights to explain the long-established physiological observation that obese adipose tissue has higher rates of basal lipolysis. Increased lipolysis contributes to increased hepatic ro5 rece

• Voluminous literature about the neuroendocrine mechanism

  2024-09-30

  

  Voluminous literature about the neuroendocrine mechanism of reproduction and energy regulation has emerged from studies involving mammalian species. The avian infundibular nucleus (equivalent structure to the mammalian arcuate nucleus) consists of two neuronal populations, one of which expresses neu

• br Adenosine receptors and innate immunity

  2024-09-30

  

  Adenosine receptors and innate immunity Monocytes and macrophages. All four adenosine receptor subtypes are expressed on monocytes and macrophages, and their levels and function undergo significant changes during the maturation of macrophages from monocytes. Indeed, quiescent monocytes are charac

• br Introduction ACK or Activated Cdc Associated

  2024-09-30

  

  Introduction ACK1, or Activated Cdc42-Associated Kinase, located on chromosome 3q, is a ubiquitously expressed non-receptor tyrosine kinase cloned from a human kinase inhibitors cDNA library (Manser et al., 1993). It was first identified to bind to activated Cdc42, a small Ras GTPase via its CRIB

• br Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous

  2024-09-30

  

  Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript, and also thank Dr. Hans-U. Dahms for his comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation (2009-0071218) funded to Young-Mi Lee. This work was al

• br Materials and methods br

  2024-09-30

  

  Materials and methods Results To explore the potential role of autophagy in drug resistance, we firstly performed immunohistochemistry to compare the master mix pcr of p62 in paired primary, metastatic, and recurrent tumor tissues from 26 ovarian cancer patients. The expression of p62 was reve

• Through activation of the CD

  2024-09-30

  

  Through activation of the CD46–GOPC pathway, attenuated/vaccinal MeVs rapidly induce a transient phase of autophagy which then diminishes with no signs of negative regulation and precedes a second autophagy phase related to viral protein synthesis [115]. In sharp contrast, virulent MeVs do not inter

• br Concluding remarks Autophagy ensures cell homeostasis and

  2024-09-30

  

  Concluding remarks Autophagy ensures cell homeostasis and survival through the continuous degradation/recycling of intracellular components. It can also represent a conserved, cell-intrinsic, defense mechanism against invading pathogens, including viruses. The autophagy process can be activated r

• br Introduction In addition to ATP production an

  2024-09-30

  

  Introduction In addition to ATP production, an important role of mitochondria in the pancreatic beta cell is anaplerosis, which is the net synthesis of citric Anti-cancer Compound Library cycle intermediates that are exported to the cytosol where they are converted to numerous other metabolites t

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